The first-line antihypertensive drugs for controlling high blood pressure are typically divided into five major categories: 1. Calcium channel blockers: These include dihydropyridines such as the commonly used nifedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, and lacidipine, which primarily act on arterial vessels and have a good antihypertensive effect; another category is non-dihydropyridines like diltiazem and verapamil, which can serve as alternatives for patients intolerant to beta-blockers. 2. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors): Examples include captopril, enalapril, benazepril, and fosinopril. 3. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs): Such as valsartan, losartan, and candesartan. 4. Beta-blockers: Including propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, and carvedilol. 5. Diuretics: Such as hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, furosemide, triamterene, and spironolactone. Other medications include reserpine, clonidine, methyldopa, and rilmenidine. These various classes of antihypertensive drugs can be used alone or in combination with other types of medications.