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The effects and adverse reactions of ethambutol
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Dr. Cinda Nauertz, MD
54701 Bank of AmericaLos Angeles, CA 90074 general practice
Expert Medical Information
Ethambutol exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting the synthesis of RNA in tuberculosis bacteria. It has no cross-resistance with other anti-tuberculosis drugs, and the development of resistance is relatively slow. Isoniazid does not easily pass through the blood-brain barrier, with a permeability ratio of 10% to 50%. The dosage for both adults and children is 15-25 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day. Initially, it can be administered at 25 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day, and after two months, it can be reduced to 15 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day. It can be taken simultaneously with isoniazid and rifampin in a single dose. Common adverse reactions include retrobulbar optic neuritis, allergic reactions, drug-induced rashes, and skin and mucosal damage. Retrobulbar optic neuritis can be treated with high doses of vitamin B1 and vasodilators, and if necessary, nicotinamide can be injected retrobulbarly. Most cases can recover within six months.
Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, and discomfort in the affected area. Always consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and possibly laboratory tests or imaging studies depending on the suspected cause.
Treatment options vary based on the specific condition, severity, and individual health factors. They may include medication, lifestyle changes, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgical intervention.
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe symptoms, rapid worsening of condition, or if self-care measures aren't providing relief within a reasonable timeframe.